


In a 2020 study published in the Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, researchers conducted an in vitro experiment to analyze the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on a human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line. The scientists evaluated “reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, cellular antioxidant response, endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy.” The results showed that exposure to the nanoparticles “induced ROS generation in a dose dependent manner, with values reaching up to 10 fold those of controls. Nrf2 nuclear localization and autophagy also increased in a dose dependent manner. Apoptosis increased by 4- to 10-fold compared to the control group, depending on the dose employed.”

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0.4max - Titanium dioxide, with its chemical formula TiO2, has long been recognized for its exceptional whitening properties. In its rutile form, like the R-996 variant, it exhibits enhanced opacity, durability, and color strength. The R-996 pigment, specifically, is a result of meticulous research and development, ensuring that it surpasses industry standards in numerous applications.
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- The utilization of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) has been a significant focus in various industries due to its exceptional properties and broad range of applications. TiO2, a naturally occurring oxide of titanium, is known for its high refractive index, strong photocatalytic activity, and excellent UV absorption capabilities.